Социс 2014 №7

SOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES

Monthly

2014 No 7 (363)

СОNTENTS. SUMMARIES

The Time for Acme – “Sociological Studies” is 40!

SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIETY

LAPIN N.I. (Institute of Philosophy, Russian academy of sciences, Moscow, Russia).

Issues of concept and human dimensions making of the gradual modernizationstrategy for Russia and its regions

Summary.The tasks of concept formation for Russian society modernization have be-come more acute under conditions of global competition thus asking for a more active reac-tion of academic community. In the paper, some not trivial by far aspects of the issue arepresented. Nonlinear character of modernization process is shown, and a mini-max strategyfor Russia is suggested: priority for human bads minimization, first of all, for unbearabletribulations suffered by a considerable fraction of population, while, at the same time, as faras possible, increasing social goods of greatest significance for vital functions of over 50%majorities of population. To implement this strategy, institutional regulative rules have tobe changed for vital activities of all population strata including higher levels of the politicaland business elites allowing for an integrated and coordinated implementation of interrelatedtechnical, technological, social and economic as well as social cultural changes. This how-ever ought to be done notper saltumbut incrementally and differentially both nationwide andin each region considering real state of its modernization. Three basic stages of integrat-ed modernization of Russian society are offered, as well as preliminary identification of the Russian Federation subjects with these stages.

Key words: non-linearity of modernization process • mini-max strategy of modernization• component parts of modernization • stages of integrated modernization • states of modern-ization of Russia’s regions • identification with the stages of Russia’s society modernization

GORSHKOV M.K. (Institute of sociology, Russian academy of sciences, Moscow,Russia).

Social inequalities as an object of sociological analysis

Summary.The issue of social inequalities is analyzed as a global issue of modernity.Social inequalities are emphasized to differ by natural historical dimension; they are repro-duced in rather stable forms as a reflection of political, economic, cultural normative structureof a society being thus immanent for all phases of societal historical development. Inequali-ties represent specific form of social differentiation, pre-determining differences in vital condi-tions for individuals and social groups mediating for them different chances to satisfy actualdemands and interests. Character, causes, depth, and specifics of social inequalities in post-Soviet Russia are discussed on the bases of all-Russia surveys between 2003 and 2013;main indices and social economic factors of the inequalities are elicited. Thinking patternsof Russians are analyzed regarding just and unjust, legitimate and illegitimate, as well as158excessive inequalities. Destabilizing role of illegitimate inequalities is stressed as a barrier toRussia’s progressive development.

Key words: social economic reforms • social inequalities • types of social inequalities •social differentiation of population • legitimate and excessive social inequalities • social jus-tice • post-Soviet Russia

LEVASHOV V.K. (Institute of social political studies, Russian academy of sciences,Moscow, Russia)

Social state: historical genesis and dynamics of its making in Russia

Summary. Functioning of social state in discussed in the paper stressing unified basesof its civil and legal components. The author suggests that practice and theory of social stateare determined by processes of socialization of the state andetatizationof the society overmany centuries. Methodology and results of empirical modeling of civil society and socio-political sustainability are offered.

Key words: social state • civil component of social state • legal component of socialstate • processes of socialization of the state •etatizationof the society • empirical modelingof civil society • socio-political sustainability of civil society

YADOV V.A. (Institute of Sociology, Russian academy of sciences, Moscow, Russia).

Post-Soviet societies transformations: what is more significant – the historically tradi-tional or recent past?

TOSHCHENKO Zh.T. (Russian state university for humanities, Moscow, Russia)

Economic consciousness and behavior after a quarter of century (late 1980th toearly 2010th)

Summary.Current economic consciousness of Russia’s population is analyzedin a comparative study of the data of several all-Union (1986–1990) and all-Russia(2012) surveys utilizing also survey data obtained by other research centers in Russia.The state of economic consciousness is discussed along with its main tendencies, spe-cific traits and contradictions at various levels of Russian society social organization –national-wide, regional, the level of industrial units & organizations, as well as personallevel.

Key words: economic consciousness • activity • behavior • economic reforms • politicalsituation • trust

ZHURAVLEV A.L., YOUREVICH A.V. (both authors – Institute of Psychology, Russianacademy of sciences, Moscow, Russia)

Psychological factors of corruption

Summary.The article deals with psychology of corruption as a new branch of psycholog-ical investigation. The results of psychological investigation of corruptionists, particular fea-tures of Russian’s attitudes towards corruption, its connection with the specificity of Russianculture and “near-corruption” phenomena are described. Capacities of psychological scienceand practices in countering corruption like overcoming tolerant attitude to it, psychologicalmonitoring of anticorruption draft laws, testing candidates to “bribes vulnerable positions”with special psychological methods, etc. are depicted.

Кеy words: psychology of corruption • mass consciousness • formal and informal rela-tions • near-corruption phenomena • psychological measures to counter corruption

TATAROVA G.G. (Institute of sociology, Russian academy of sciences, Moscow,Russia).

Coherence of integrative processes as precondition for improvement of empiricalresearch quality in Russia

Summary. Endogenous factors negatively affecting quality of empirical research in Rus-sia are discussed. Based upon existing symptoms for “occupational disease” in this fieldand their causes, a proposition is suggested – integration of methodological knowledge andsociological community should be coherent for it to successfully function as an integrity.Problems of identifying internal community resources for developing empirical sociology areactualized. It is hypothesized that a transition is underway to a new integration stage in thedevelopment of empirical sociology.

Key words: empirical research • quality of research • sociological community • meth-odological knowledge • “occupational disease” • integration of methodological knowledge •integration of community

VOLKOV Yu.E. (Southern branch of the Institute of sociology, Russian academy of sci-ences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia).

Creative class – an alternative to political radicalism

Summary. Building upon representative sociological data the idea of creative class asa subject of social action is discussed. The author concludes that creative class is interestedin and is a proponent for alternatives to political radicalism as strategies of injecting andcreating crises in contemporary Russian society. This class, as subject of social creativity,produces forms of social communication precluding conflict-ridden differences in Russiansociety. The article also discusses a need to involve creative class in the process of socialchanges to reduce political radicalization of mass moods.

Key words: creative class • subject of social action • alternatives to political radicalism •strategies of crises • social communication • mass moods

ROMANOVSKY N.V. (“Sociological Studies” journal, Russian academy of sciences,Moscow, Russia)

Once more on theoretical sociology

Summary. Problems of contemporary Russian theoretical sociology are discussed con-sidering also international experiences. An interpretation of factors influencing theoreticalthinking is suggested and causes blocking emergence of new theories and conceptions isformulated. A sequence of ritualized actions in creating results of a theoretical search and itsdemonstration to academic community is suggested.

Key words: Russian theoretical sociology • factors influencing theoretical thinking• emergence of new theories • blocking factors • ritualized actions • academic community

ARUTIUNIAN Yu.V. (counselor, Russian academy of sciences, Moscow, Russia), DROBIZHEVA L.M. (Institute of sociology, Russian academy of sciences, Moscow, Russia).

Traversed path and issues of contemporary Russian ethnosociology

Summary. Main stages of development of ethnic sociology are considered. Results ofresearch are analyzed and issues are thematized pertaining to theoretical comprehensionand empirical study of the phenomena of civic and ethnic identity, interethnic relations, ethnicsocial differentiation. Methodological flaws are discussed appearing in the course of readyingresearch tools and interpreting data obtained.

Кеy wоrds: ethnosociology • ethnic social processes • Russian identity • ethnic identity• interethnic relations • ethnic social differentiation • methodology and methods of ethnicsocial studies

 

SHCHERBINA V.V. (Institute of sociology, Russian academy of sciences, Moscow,Russia)

Social technologies: a history of term, content transformation, and contemporarystate

Summary. The termsocial technologyis scrutinized in an attempt to identify: a) condi-tions for the appearance of the term, so popular in Russia; b) area of term use; c) reasonsfor interest to and popularity of the term in Russia; d) basis of evolution of term content; ande) factors for growing number of interpretations of its content. It is shown that attempts tounify content of the term are pointless and, in fact, we are dealing with several fundamentallydifferent types of practices applied to differing fields and genres of social actions – under asingle name.

Key words: social technologies • practicing managers • enterprise sociologists andpsychologists • managerial consultants • practicing specialists • social management • socialscience

MARSHAK A.L. (Institute of sociology, Russian academy of sciences, Moscow, Russia)

Making and development of sociology of culture in Russian sociological science

Summary. Processes of the making and development of sociology of culture are dis-cussed. Historical and conceptual construct of sociology of culture is seen as a middle rangetheory. Results of Russian scholars in this field are identified. An analysis of prospects forstudying culture is suggested along with author’s model of its conceptual (theoretical), ap-plied and empiric mainlines.

Key words: culture • sociology of culture • cultural spiritual sphere • cultural revolution •function and topic of sociology of culture • historical civilizational process

OBRAZTSOV I.V. (Moscow state linguistic university, Moscow, Russia)

Process of military sociology institutionalization in Russia

Summary. Trends in institutionalization of military sociology in the USSR and the Rus-sian Federation as reflected in issues of Sociologicheskie Issledovanija (Sociological Studies) journal published between 1974 and 2013 are investigated. In total, 162 articles devotedto a wide range of military sociology issues were published within that period. For the sake ofconvenience, the process of institutionalization of military sociology is divided into decadesand publications that reflect it are arranged similarly thus allowing the author to draw conclu-sions about impactSociologicheskie Issledovanijajournal has had on institutionalization ofmilitary sociology in Russia.

Key words: military sociology • institutionalization • Sociologicheskie Issledovanija(Sociological Studies) journal • publications • the military • Russian Federation

FROM THE HISTORY OF INSTITUTE OF SOCIOOGY

V.N. IVANOV (Institute of social political studies, Russian academy of sciences, Moscow, Russia)

On the director’s post

Summary. Vilen Nikolaevich Ivanov offers his memories on events, when he has beenapprovedfor the post of Institute of sociology, Academy of sciences of the USSR directorholding this office for a period between early 1983 and September, 1988. The very procedures of his approval in highest party and academy echelons are described in detail. Resultsand conclusions of an USSR Academy of sciences Presidium commission (1985) are broughtto light quoting final proceedings.

Key words: History of the Institute of sociology, Russian academy of sciences • admin-istering academic organizations • CPSU Central committee, Department of science