Социологический журнал 3-2009

Sociological Journal #3 (2009)

SUMMARIES 

Kurakin D.Yu. Towards late-Durkheimian program in cultural sociology: The “Elementary forms” perception in sociological thought

The article examines one of the most intriguing turns in contemporary social theory, namely recognizing Durkheimian sociology, which traditionally had been seen as a non-interpretative way of reasoning, as a keystone for several comprehensive, meaning-oriented theories. In particular, the “Elementary forms of religious life” came to be treated as a main resource of the strong program in cultural sociology. The paradox can be solved by shifting attention from theory statements origin to their perception in sociological thought. Focusing on a long way of the “Elementary forms” perception in sociology makes it possible to shed light on reasons and conditions of its dramatic reconsideration, as well as crucial points of “new ways of being durkheimian”. Most prominent of those points are: late Durkheimian project admission, central role of category of the sacred and, most surprisingly, accentuated opposition with Parsonsian tradition.

Keywords: cultural sociology, late-Durkheimian program, sacred, “Elementary forms of religious life”, autonomy of culture, meaning-oriented sociology, symbolic processes

Alekseeva A.Yu. The main elements and the structure of interpersonal trust

The article deals with possible structuring of the interpersonal trust “conceptual vocabulary” and some other debatable questions, concerning the problems of trust. The determination of trust limits is an analytical procedure, so it is relative to some extent. However it helps to display the main elements and the structure of interpersonal trust.

Keywords: interpersonal trust, trust subject, trust object, situation of trust, confident expectation, trustworthiness.

Voronin G.L. Objective and subjective indicators of societal wellbeing

The interrelation of objective and subjective indicators of societal wellbeing is shown. As objective indicators of societal wellbeing was taken the data of Federal State Statistics Service about the quantity of suicides and murders, the quantity of registered marriages act and the birth rate in Russia during the period from 1994 to 2007. As subjective indicators of societal wellbeing the results of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey during the same period are taken. As primary indicators of societal wellbeing were defined: satisfaction of life, confidence in the future, health value, uneasiness level, and respondents’ identification of their position in economic, legal and metasocial spaces.

Keywords: societal wellbeing, social capital, subjective estimate, objective evidence, interrelation of indicators

Karabchuk T.S. Nonpermanent employment and social stratification

The paper deals with a new but rather spread phenomena of nonpermanent employment in Russia. Depart from many western and Russian research results the author concludes that nonpermanent employment affects social stratification. In 2007 there were about 8 million people engaged in nonpermanent employment in Russia. They usually work in low-paid economic sector, where there is no need for high education and good professional qualifications. Does the nonpermanent employment lead to poverty — that is the question.

Keywords: nonpermanent employment, labour market, social stratification, wage, mobility.

Tchetyrchinckaya O.S. Confession differences in personal characteristics and their influence on business activity

The author compares economic orientations of various confessions representatives and shows the dependence of value settings, which are connected with entrepreneurship, industrial employment, and other types of activity, on confession. It was supposed that economic behavior can be influenced by cultural factors, and that this influence can be transferred by two channels: systems of values and personal characteristics.

Keywords: confession difference, economic orientation, value setting, personal characteristic, business activity.

Yudin G.B. Reflexive sociology: Between reality and unreality

Reflection has become the major methodological requirement in social science. The procedure of reflection is considered to be unproblematic and self-evident. Such approach contains internal contradiction and pays no attention to the specific experience of reflection and objectivation. The paper analyzes Pierre Bourdieu’s conception of reflexive sociology and grounds the idea of reflexive sociology in specific experience of being between reality and unreality. The paper suggests describing this experience in terms of Jean Piaget’s theory of decentration. Reflexive experience is formed by the intention of accommodation, which is always perceived retrospectively as assimilation. This conflict, which is characteristic for the structure of reflexive experience, generates essential internal tension of the reflexive procedure.

Keywords: reflection, reflexivity, self-objectivation, Bourdieu, reality, decentration, accommodation, assimilation

Petrosyan V.K. Comparative analysis of A. Bergson’s and K.Popper’s “The open society” concepts

The ideological opposition between A. Bergson and K. Popper is a unique case in theoretical sociology. On the one hand, these authors were using the same notions and theoretical models, and on the other, in scientific society they are considered as antagonists. In this article an attempt is made to carry out comparative analysis of A. Bergson’s and K. Popper’s versions of “the open society” concept.

Keywords: comparative analysis, closed society, open society, mysticism, religion, social designing, democracy.

Сhesnokov S.V. Nullius in verba and humanities

Nullius in verba — the motto of the London Royal Society. It is a symbol of philosophy of the natural sciences. In the humanities dialogues in natural language are the source of knowledge. And the motto requirement is paradoxical: to study words neglecting words. But if to consider that words are linguistic signs, the paradox disappears. Also it becomes clear that the experience of dialogues is a source of mathematical knowledge.

Keywords: word, remark, linguistic sign, signifier, signified, data matrix, humanities, natural sciences, consciousness phenomena, mathematics.