Социологический журнал 4-2014

SOTSIOLOGICHESKIJ ZHURNAL (SOCIOLOGICAL JOURNAL) Vol. 20. No. 4. 2014

THEORY AND METHODOLOGY

Z.V. SIKEVICH. PSYCHOLINGUISTIC METHOD IN SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 6-18

Zinaida Vasilievna Sikevich — Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Ethnic Sociology and Psychology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Faculty of Sociology. Address: Smol’nogo str., 1/3, entrance 9, Saint-Petersburg State University, Faculty of Sociology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 191124. Phone: +7 (812)710-00-77. Email: sikevich@mail.ru

Abstract. The article speaks about implementation of a psycho linguistic method in the ethno sociological research. The main position of the author is based on the theoretical assumption that native language as a primary field of functioning of the ethnic culture and proves it by the researches that were conducted under the supervision of the author during the period of 1995—2013 in the laboratory of ethnic sociology and psychology of the faculty of sociology of the SPbSU by the quota sample of Saint-Petersburg population. In particular the article describes methods based on the usage of Russian phraseological units / idiomatic expressions and folk proverbs that bring to light the general direction of the value system, social orientations in the sphere of political, ethnic and gender relations, as well as political, ethnic and gender stereotypes. From the author’s point of view, preferableness of the psycho linguistic method is determined by the latency of “right” or “wrong” answer that let us find out a latent social reflection. This assumption is based on the control of veracity of the results made by the means of other methods and procedures. The article is accompanied by the references on the sources in which it is possible to learn more about the research results made by the means of psycho linguistic method.

Keywords: psycho linguistic method, universality, verbal text, orientation, value, stereotype, procedure, validity, social reflection

SURVEYS, EXPERIMENTS, CASE STUDIES

N.L. RUSINOVA, V.V. SAFRONOV. HEALTH IN EUROPE AND RUSSIA: SOCIETAL CONTEXT AND SOCIAL INEQUALITIES 19-43

Rusinova Nina Lvovna — PhD, Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Sociology of health department. Address: 25/14, 7 Krasnoarmeiskaya str., St. Petersburg, Russia, 190005. Phone: +7 (812) 316-75-68. Email: nrusinova@gmail.com

Safronov Viacheslav Vladimirovich — Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Senior Fellow. Address: 25/14, 7 Krasnoarmeiskaya str., St. Petersburg, Russia, 190005. Phone: +7 (812) 316-34-36. Email: vsafronov@list.ru

Abstract. Article is devoted to health differences in the European states and social inequalities in health in Europe. The analysis of the European Social Survey 2008 data (representative samples of the population of 28 countries) and statistics of World bank and WHO, carried out with methods of two-level logistic modeling, shows that in the postcommunist countries health is, as a rule, significantly worse, than in other parts of the continent. The reason of such differences is rather low level of their development (inefficient economy, welfare state, public administration) and low social integration. It is found also that health in Europe is structured on demographic and social variables, and such structuring depends on a macro context — a country level of social development. With growth of this level, social inequalities in health start smoothing out.

Keywords: health differences in Europe, societal factors, social inequalities in health, macro context, European Social Survey 2008, two-level logistic modeling.

E.L. MOGILCHAK. STUDENTS' ORIENTATIONS CONCERNING THE VALUES OF ECONOMIC CULTURE 44-58

Mogilchak Elena L’vovna — Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Applied Sociology, Urals Federal University named after the first Russian President B.N. Yeltsin. Address: 51 Lenin Avenue, Yekaterinburg, Russia, 620000. Telephone: (343) 350-73-68. E-mail elenamog@yandex.ru

Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between basic life values and values of students’ economic culture. The results of the representative study of the 749 four-year students of Yekaterinburg are presented in the paper in question. Based on the survey data the value of labour and consumption are described in a single system with basic life values, the hypothesis concerning the projection of students’ life values into socio-economic relations is confirmed. A comparative analysis of the four typological groups of the respondents with different value preferences is made. The findings are based on the factor and cluster analysis. It should be noted that success enters one factor with the values of wealth and power, on the one hand, — with the value of labour, on the other hand: i.e. responsibility, independence and work creativity. It was found out that the greatest focus on the importance of success in life was shown by the students from the two clusters, in total, comprising about two thirds of the respondents. However, the means of achieving success in these groups are fundamentally different. In the value preferences of one cluster, the importance of success combines with enrichment of the value of labour and consumption based on high values of creativity and self-realization in work, there is a strong focus on such moral values as benevolence and respect for people. The students of the other cluster are distinguished by the most developed focus on wealth and power but by a weakly manifested focus on honest work. The most undeveloped orientation is the orientation on such moral values as respect for people in the sphere of economics. The article reveals the contradictions representing the sources of risk in the students’ lives with different value complexes. The author comes to the conclusion that the main contradiction in the values of economic culture of students after graduating will be the contradiction between the moral and individualistic values.

Keywords: vital values, success, economic culture, values of labour, values of consumption.

E.A. MIKHAYLOVA. NANOTECHNOLOGY RISKS AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION 59-71

Mikhaylova Elena Aleksandrovna — Candidate of Sociological Sciences; Director of Research, “Remarket”; Associate Professor of Sociology and humanitarian culture of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI; Head of Qualitative Research Department, Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM). Address: Zemlianoj Val st., 24/32, f. 2-“Б”, Moscow, Russian Federation, 105064. Phone: +7 (903) 011-37-87. Email: socio-expert@mail.ru

Abstract. The development and implementation of modern and innovative products are not always considered humanitarian risks that leads to the categorical rejection of certain technologies, entire areas of scientific knowledge, to the freezing of large-scale projects (nuclear physics after the accidents at nuclear reactors in Ukraine and Japan, genetic engineering, etc.). In the context of attention to environmental issues and discussion of the negative effects of the existing technological processes for the environment were inevitable issues in the agenda the question of the possible risks of using products developed with the use of nanotechnology. Social and humanitarian analysis of technological risks abroad is an important area of the research. In this paper we consider the process of formation of this research (in the context of the development of nanotechnology), and discuss the sociological aspects of the problem. Analysis of the data of sociological research, conducted by Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM) in 2014, allowed us to estimate the level of understanding of the content of the Russian nanotechnological processes, and to identify dominant in the public consciousness fears and expectations associated with the development of nanotechnologies in Russia. The study showed the presence of sustained high interest of general public in the topic of nanotechnology.

Keywords: the humanitarian risks of science and society dialogue, information policy, innovation processes, nanotechnology, public opinion.

SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY

K.E. NOVIKOV. MIGRATORY INTENTIONS IN VLADIMIRSKAYA OBLAST IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF RUSSIAN URBANIZATION 72-89

Novikov Kirill Evgenievich — Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Scientific Associate of the International Laboratory of Political Demography and Macro-Sociological Dynamics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA). Address: Prospect Vernadskogo, 82, Moscow, Russian Federation 119571. Phone: +7 (919) 967-13-71. Email: kenovikov@yandex.ru

Abstract. This article is devoted to the problem of migration between the regions of Central Russia and Moscow. The article contains a statistical analysis of a survey conducted in Vladimirskaya oblast in the fall of 2013. It is focused on the plans of the locals to leave their region to settle elsewhere in Russian Federation. The classical gravity model is used to describe the pattern of migration activity. The vicinity of a capital city like Moscow or Nizhny Novgorod is supposed to be a major pull factor attracting migrants from the nearby smaller towns and cities. In this article the power of different push and pull factors, including the geographical and transport accessibility factors, are measured and explained. It is demonstrated that besides economical, demographical and political factors there are also socio-cultural factors playing some role in setting minds of the would-be migrants. The article demonstrates the connection between the results of urbanization, or underurbanization because it is still unfinished, and the desire of some people to change their place of living.

Keywords: Gravity model, Vladimirskaya oblast, migration, migratory intentions, urbanization, underurbanization, statistical analysis, socio-cultural factors.

HISTORY OF SOCIOLOGY

E.A. DOLGOVA. THE UNKNOWN REVIEW BY N.I. KAREEV: THE PREFACE OF THE PUBLISHER 90-94

Dolgova Evgeniya Andreevna — Candidate of Historical Sciences, Lecturer of the Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH). Address: Kirovogradskaya st., 25\170, Moscow, Russian Federation 117534. Phone: +7 (925) 150-52-37. Email: dolgova-evg@rambler.ru.ru

Abstract. The publishing document is devoted to unknown review by N.I. Kareev to work by P.A. Sorokin «The system of sociology» (1920) and by K.M. Takhtarev «The Science about the social life, its phenomenaes, their relationships and regularities» (1919). This document was found in the Department of Manuskripts of the Russian State Library. A critical article was written by N.I. Kareev in 1920. This material is published for the first time. Publisher's introduction tells about an unknown Kareev's work, about his relationship with P.A. Sorokin and K.M. Tahktarev; other reviews on the examined books of the authors are listed; the rules of publications and conventional signs are illustrated.

Keywords: The history of sociology, the science community, N.I. Kareev, P.A. Sorokin, K.M. Takhtarev

N.I. KAREEV. THE TWO NEW SCIENTIFIC WORKS ON SOCIOLOGY (Scientific-research department of manuscripts of the Russian State Library. Corpus 119. N.I. Kareev. Folder 43. Case 9. Sheets 2–54. Signature. Original. Draft) 95-120

The publication prepared by E.A. DOLGOVA

Dolgova Evgeniya Andreevna — Candidate of Historical Sciences, Lecturer of the Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH). Address: Kirovogradskaya st., 25\170, Moscow, Russian Federation 117534. Phone: +7 (925) 150-52-37. Email: dolgova-evg@rambler.ru.ru

Abstract. Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev (1850–1931) — prominent sociologist and historian, one of the originators of Russian sociology, represents its psychological field. The major problematic domains of the research are the method of social cognition; collective psychology as the basis of the society; the historical process. Kareev’s review is dedicated to the work of Pitirim Aleksandrovich Sorokin “The system of sociology”. It was written in the autumn of 1920 and delivered as a lecture at the Russian sociological society M.M. Kovalevsky session. The review covering P.A. Sorokin’s ideas consists of 6 parts. In the first part of the review the author states that there are many trends in Russian sociology such as organicistic, evolutional, psychological and economic. In the second part he briefly reviews P.A. Sorokin’s concept and notices its mechanicalness. The third and the fourth part are dedicated to the analysis of the concept of individual interaction. In the fifth part he investigates the principles of collective (elementary and cumulative) unities based on the individual interaction. In the sixth part he writes about the position of the individuality in the social coordinative system. The review is the most detailed (or comprehensive) overview of the young sociologist’s work. The main objects of the Kareev’s criticism are the method of reflexology that was developed and supported by Sorokin at that time, also his mechanistic representation of a personality in the social frame of axis. Despite the seeming criticism the article is benevolent: in 1922 Kareev was opponent on the public dispute of P.A. Sorokin. The document was discovered in the N.I. Karrev’s private fund in the Scientific-research department of manuscripts of the Russian State Library and is published for the first time.

Keywords: N.I. Kareev. P.A. Sorokin, “The System of Sociology”, reflexology, psychologism, individual interaction, elementary groups.

O.A. KAZHANOV. TERRITORIAL FACTOR OF THE ELECTORAL CHOICE IN THE RUSSIAN ANALYTICS OF THE EARLY 20-TH CENTURY 121-132

Kazhanov Oleg Aleksandrovich — Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate professor, Smolensk State University. Address: Flat 27, 21-a, Lomonosov st., Smolensk, Russian Federation 214020. Phone: +7 (908) 282-27-40. Email: kazhanov@ bk.ru

Abstract. The author touches upon one of the least studied issues, that of the application of the factor analysis to the behavior of electors in the Russian electoral practice of the early 20-th century. The article notes that the election to the State Duma of the Russian Empire caused a great interest in the research of the electoral choice at the as well as singling out of its formation determinants. One of the main subjects of our research are the entities of people resident on a certain territory and exhibiting certain specific features in voting. Using the materials of the Duma electoral campaigns of 1906–1912 which comprehended the outlooks of the Russian researchers of the territorial-and-little-village-like settlements and ethnocultural characteristics of the electoral space in the process of voting. The article also indicates that special objects of analysis were also ethnic diasporas residing in the largest cities of the Russian Empire. The Russian analysts fixed the changes in the political motivation of their representatives in the entire course of the Duma Election. The author reveals the special features of approaches in the framework of the basic ideal and political factors of that period and singles out some theoretical guesses, made the representatives of that time? Which though having not become the basis of forming science? Yet testified to a very high level of an analytical thought of the Russian electoral researchers of the early 20-th century.

Keywords: electoral analytics of the early 20-th century, the Duma elections, electoral behavior, the factor analysis, the territorial factor, sociocultural characteristics of the electoral space.

ESSAY

O.B. BOZKOV. EVERYDAY LIFE AND PRACTICES: TOWARDS CLARIFICATION OF THE SOCIOLOGICAL SENSE OF NOTIONS 133-154

Bozkov Oleg Borisovich — Senior Researcher, The Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Address: Krasnoarmeyskaya st., 25/14, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation 190005. Phone: +7 (921) 946-99-75. Email: olegbozh@gmail.com

Abstract. The essay examines the content and heuristic potential of “everyday life” and “practices” notions. Phenomena of everyday life and practice are the subjects of humanities, such as sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and cultural studies. However, each scientific language reflects peculiar to its language and subject meaning with the help of these notions. The author attempts to clarify the content of these notions in language of sociology. For this reason, interest to everyday life is considered in historic science, cultural studies, and philosophy. The position of sociologist is formulated in terms of the notion of “everyday life”, and related notions of “way of life”, “lifestyle”, etc. The author gives an example of studies from the 70s, where everyday life was the subject, though the word itself was not used. Next section of the essay contains the analysis of another notion “practices”, which is fancy, but not successful. Polemics with the authors of Theory of practices and Michel de Certeau (The practice of everyday life. Arts de Faire) contributes relationships between the analyzed notions. In conclusion, the author resumes undoubted importance studies of considered social phenomena. Qualitative as well as quantitative approaches are relevant for the research. However, success of these studies needs the notions not as metaphors with “floating” meaning, but as scientific terms with categorial content, reflecting certain volume of phenomena from the real world.

Key words: everyday life, new forms of behaviour, routine, practices, notions, word, theoretical analysis, language of science.

ON THE ANNIVERSARY OF S.A. KUGEL

“HE SURVIVED ON THE FRONT IN WW II, IT MEANS HE LIVES LONG…” 155-159

Doktorov Boris Zusmanovich — Doctor of Philosophy, Independent researcher (USA). Email: bdoktorov@inbox.ru
Tamás Pál — Professor, Dr. habil., Corvinus University (Budapest, Hungary); Moscow State University, School of Journalism (Moscow, Russian Federation). Email: Tamas.Pal@tk.mta.hu
Firsov Boris Maksimovich — Doctor of Philosophy, European University at St. Petersburg (Russian Federation). Email: firsov@eu.spb.ru

ON THE ANNIVERSARY OF F.E. SHEREGI

B.Z. DOKTOROV FRANZ SHEREGI. THE PERSON FROM ANOTHER VALUE WORLD 160-167

Doktorov Boris Zusmanovich — Doctor of Philosophy, Independent researcher (USA). Email: bdoktorov@inbox.ru

IN MEMORIAM

B.Z. DOKTOROV. ONE MORE DOOR WILL BE CLOSED. FOREVER AND EVER… Varlen Viktorovich Kolbanovskiy (1926–2014) 168-169

Doktorov Boris Zusmanovich — Doctor of Philosophy, Independent researcher (USA). Email: bdoktorov@inbox.ru

REVIEWS, SUMMARIES

L.Y. BRONZINO. ONCE AGAIN ABOUT ACTOR-NETWORK THEORY OR LOST IN TRANSLATION. A REVIEW ON THE BOOK: LATUR B. PERESBORKA SOCIAL'NOGO: VVEDENIE V AKTORNO-SETEVUJU TEORIJU / PER. S ANGL. I. POLONSKOJ; POD RED. S. GAVRILENKO; NIU VSHJE. M.: IZD. DOM VYSSHEJ SHKOLY JEKONOMIKI, 2014 (LATOUR B. REASSEMBLING THE SOCIAL — AN INTRODUCTION TO ACTOR-NETWORK-THEORY. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2005; LATOUR B. CHANGER DE SOCIETE — REFAIRE DE LA SOCIOLOGIE. LA DÉCOUVERTE, 2006) 170-175

Bronzino Liubov Yurievna — Doctor of Sociology, Associate Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Address: Miklukho-Maklaya str., 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198. Phone: +7 (495) 433-20-22. E-mail: lbronzino@gmail.com

ACADEMIC LIFE

N.V. BASOV, V.N. MININA, A.A. NOVIK. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “NETWORKS IN THE GLOBAL WORLD. BRIDGING THEORY AND METHOD: AMERICAN, EUROPEAN, AND RUSSIAN STUDIES”, June 27-29, St. Petersburg, Russia 176-179

Basov Nikita Viktorovich — PhD in Sociology, Center for German and European Studies (St Petersburg State University – Bielefeld University). Phone: +7 (812) 324-08-85. Email: n.basov@spbu.ru

Minina Vera Nickolaevna — Doctor of Sociology, Professor, St. Petersburg State University. Phone: +7 (921) 740-06-86. Email: vminina@spbu.ru

Novik Alina Anatoliyevna — MA in Arts and Humanities, Center for German and European Studies (St Petersburg State University – Bielefeld University). Phone: +7 (981) 752-69-94. Email: anovick@eu.spb.ru

NEW RELEASES 180–184

INDEX, 2014 185-188